How The U.S. Electoral College System Works

How The U.S. Appointive College System Works The Electoral College isn't a school as in the word is commonly utilized. Rather, it is the significant and frequently dubious procedure by which the United States chooses the President of the United States like clockwork. The Founding Fathers made the Electoral College framework as a trade off between having the president chosen by Congress and having the president chosen by the famous vote of qualified residents. Each fourth November, after very nearly two years of battle publicity and raising support, in excess of 100 million Americans cast their decisions in favor of the presidential up-and-comers. At that point, in December, the president and VP of the United States are really chosen. This is the point at which the votes of just 538 residents the balloters of the Electoral College System-are counted.â How It Works At the point when you vote in favor of a presidential up-and-comer, you are in actuality casting a ballot to teach the voters from your state to cast their decisions in favor of a similar competitor. For instance, on the off chance that you vote in favor of the Republican up-and-comer in the November political decision, you are extremely simply picking a balloter who will be swore to decide in favor of the Republican competitor when the Electoral College casts a ballot in December. The competitor who wins the famous vote in a state wins all the promised votes of the states voters, in the 48 champ take all states and District of Columbia. Nebraska and Maine grant balloters relatively. The National Archives clarifies: Maine has four Electoral votes and two Congressional areas. It grants one Electoral vote for each Congressional area and two by the statewide, everywhere vote. Nebraska has five Electoral College votes, three granted to the region victors, and two granted to the statewide mainstream vote-getter. Abroad regions of the United States, for example, Puerto Rico, have nothing to do with presidential races, despite the fact that their inhabitants are U.S. residents. The Electoral College framework was set up in Article II of the Constitution and was altered by the twelfth Amendment in 1804. How Electors Are Awarded Each state gets various balloters equivalent to its number of individuals in the U.S. Place of Representatives in addition to one for every one of its two U.S. legislators. The District of Columbia gets three voters. State laws decide how balloters are picked, yet they are commonly chosen by the ideological group councils inside the states. Every balloter gets one vote. Therefore, a state with eight balloters would cast eight votes. There are at present 538 balloters, and the votes of a greater part of them-270 votes-are required to be chosen. Since Electoral College portrayal depends on congressional portrayal, states with bigger populaces get progressively Electoral College votes. Should none of the up-and-comers win 270 discretionary votes, the twelfth Amendment commands the political decision be chosen by the House of Representatives. The consolidated agents of each state get one vote and a basic greater part of states is required to win. This has just happened twice: Presidents Thomas Jefferson in 1801 and John Quincy Adams in 1825 were chosen by the House of Representatives. Fickle Electors While the state balloters are vowed to decide in favor of the competitor of the gathering that picked them, nothing in the Constitution expects them to do as such. In uncommon cases, a voter will desert and not vote in favor of their partys competitor. Such shifty votes seldom change the result of the political decision, and laws of certain states preclude balloters from throwing them. Nonetheless, no state has ever indicted somebody for not casting a ballot the manner in which they were vowed. The 2016 political race saw the most ever fickle voters, as seven were thrown; the past record was six balloters who changed their votes, in 1808. At the point when the College Meets The open throws their decisions on the main Tuesday after Nov. 1, and before the sun sets in California in any event one of the TV arranges likely will have proclaimed a victor. By 12 PM, one of the applicants will have most likely case triumph and others will yield rout. In any case, not until the principal Monday after the second Wednesday in December, when the balloters of the Electoral College meet in their state capitals to cast their votes, will there truly be another president-and VP choose. For what reason is there such a postponement between the general political race and the Electoral College gatherings? During the 1800s, it took that long to tally the famous votes and for all the balloters to make a trip to the state capitals. Today, the time is bound to be utilized for settling any fights because of political decision code infringement and for vote describes. Reactions of the System Pundits of the Electoral College framework call attention to that the framework permits the chance of a competitor really losing the across the country well known vote yet being chosen president by the appointive vote. A gander at theâ electoral votes from each stateâ and a little math will give you how. Truth be told, it is feasible for a possibility to not get a solitary people vote in 39 states or the District of Columbia, yet be chosen president byâ winningâ the mainstream vote in only 11 of these 12 expresses (The quantity of discretionary votes is in enclosures): California (55)New York (29)Texas (38)Florida (29)Pennsylvania (20)Illinois (20)Ohio (18)Michigan (16)New Jersey (14)North Carolina (15)Georgia (16)Virginia (13) Since 11 of the 12 states recorded above record for precisely 270 votes, an up-and-comer could win these states, lose the other 39, and still be chosen. Obviously, an up-and-comer well known enough to win California or New Yorkâ will in all likelihood win some littler states. At the point when It Happened Multiple times in Americas history presidential applicants have lost the across the nation famous vote, yet been chosen presidentâ inâ the Electoral College: In 1824, 261 appointive votes were accessible, with 131 should have been chosen president. In the political decision between John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson-both Democratic-Republicans-neither one of the candidates won the vital 131 constituent votes. While Jackson won more discretionary and famous votes than Adams, the House of Representatives, acting under the twelfth Amendment to the Constitution, chose John Quincy Adams as the 6th President of the United States. Unpleasant over the procedure, Jackson and his supporters broadcasted the appointment of Adams a â€Å"corrupt bargain.†In 1876,â 369 discretionary votes were accessible, with 185 expected to win. Republican Rutherford B. Hayes, with 4,036,298 mainstream votes, won 185 appointive votes. His fundamental opponent, Democrat Samuel J. Tilden, won the well known vote with 4,300,590â votes yet won just 184 appointive votes. Hayes was chosen president.In 1888, 401 appointive votes were accessible, with 201 expe cted to win. Republican Benjamin Harrison, with 5,439,853 famous votes, won 233 appointive votes. His principle opponent, Democrat Grover Cleveland, won the well known vote with 5,540,309â votes however won just 168 discretionary votes. Harrison was chosen president. In 2000,â 538 discretionary votes were accessible, with 270 expected to win. Republican George W. Shrubbery, with 50,456,002 well known votes, won 271 discretionary votes. His Democratic opponent, Al Gore, won the well known vote with 50,999,897â votes however won just 266 appointive votes. Shrub was chosen president.In 2016, an aggregate of 538 discretionary votes were again accessible, with 270 should have been chosen. Republican applicant Donald Trump was chosen president, winning 304 discretionary votes, contrasted with 227 won by Democratic competitor Hillary Clinton. In any case, Clinton got about 2.9 million more well known votes across the nation than Trump, an edge of 2.1 percent of the absolute vote. Trump’s Electoral College triumph was fixed by famous vote wins in the perpetual swing conditions of Florida, Iowa, and Ohio, just as in the alleged â€Å"blue wall† conditions of Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin, every Democratic fortress in presidenti al races since the 1990s. With most media sources anticipating a simple triumph for Clinton, Trump’s political race brought the Electoral College framework under extreme open investigation. Trump spoilers attempted to fight his political decision and appealed to voters to cast shifty balloter votes. Just two tuned in. Why the Electoral College? Most voters would be troubled to see their applicant win the most votes yet lose the political decision. For what reason would the Founding Fathersâ create a sacred procedure that would permit this to occur? The composers of the Constitution needed to ensure the individuals were given direct contribution to picking their pioneers and saw two different ways to achieve this: The individuals of the whole country would decide in favor of and choose the president and VP dependent on well known votes alone. A direct well known election.The individuals of each state would choose their individuals from the U.S. Congressâ by direct well known political race. The individuals from Congress would then communicate the desires of the individuals by choosing the president and VP themselves. A political race by Congress. The Founding Fathers dreaded the direct famous political race choice. There were no organizedâ national political partiesâ yet, no structure from which to pick and breaking point the quantity of competitors. Likewise, travel and correspondence were moderate and troublesome around then. A veryâ good candidateâ could be mainstream territorially yet stay obscure to the remainder of the nation. Countless provincially mainstream up-and-comers would in this manner isolate the vote and not show the desires of the country all in all. Then again, political race by Congress would require the individuals to both precisely evaluate the wants of the individuals of their states and to really cast a ballot as needs be. Th

Statement Dynamic World Intertwined With Engineering - 550 Words

Personal Statement: Dynamic World Intertwined With Civil Engineering (Admission Essay Sample) Content: We reside in a dynamic world that is intertwined with civil engineering. With the current exponential population growth and the ever increasing threat of global warming, engineers have an essential role to play. For me, civil engineering is like a calling because I have always been fascinated by physics and mathematics. Although I put a considerable effort in all my school subjects and passed in all the 12 compulsory subjects, my strength lies in mathematics. I was ranked top in mathematics throughout my junior and high school years. Besides improving my problem-solving skills, physics has boosted my passion for structural mechanics. I have a disdain for mediocrity and poor workmanship. Therefore, I would like to make my contribution felt in terms of intuitive designs. The field of civil engineering is both diverse and exhilarating because it gives me the opportunity to shape the world according to the future requirements and bring a difference to the lives of those a round me. In as much as I anticipate an arduous and demanding career, I foresee a very fulfilling career, especially working on projects from conception to completion.I am the type of person that sees the wider implications of solving classroom equations beyond the pen and paper. Every aspect of a construction project is detailed in these calculations, from the walls to the roof. The practical applications of physics and mathematics have inculcated in me a desire to relate them to the prevailing needs of the industry. I am regularly reminded of the need to solve many of lifes problems such as structural collapses with sound engineering design. The fusion of theory with expressive intuition required to achieve megaprojects presents me with all the motivation I need to embark on this course. I have just completed my International Foundation year; this has enabled me to enhance my interpersonal and communication skills. My experience as a trainee with the HSBC Bank Middle East gave me the first level playing field to hone my customer relationship skills in a job setting. Presently, I am a Public Relations Officer at the Qatar Chamber of Commerce and Industry. My current position has enhanced my outlook and critical thinking in this niche. All these attributes make me believe that I possess the requisite theoretical and technical skills to be an accomplished civil engineer. I am an extremely enthused individual who works on the principle of setting targets and striving to achieve them.I have been a hands-on person with a penchant for fitting things from an early age. Seeing construction projects materialize on my way home from school instilled in me the ...

What Is A Good Life - 1463 Words

Jared (Matt) Baublet Phil 1301-038 11/26-30/16 What is a good life? What is the goal to achieve in any decision? Each area of human activity has a primary goal. Example, the end result or goal of education is learning, as well as the goal of agriculture is food production. W.D Ross translated a work on ethics called â€Å"Nicomachean Ethics†, to where he states â€Å"there is some end to the things we do, which we desire for its own sake, and if we do not choose everything for the sake of something else (the process would go on to infinity, so our desires would be empty and vain)†. Meaning happiness can come from completing a task, having a task, or working towards the next task. But if we do not choose a desired thing or feel as if we have worth we cannot find happiness. Aristotle is a philosopher partly recognized for his work around 350 B.C.E relating towards human nature and the search of a good life. He wrote the work on ethics referenced earlier called â€Å"Nicomachean Ethics†; these pages contain m any chapters/books which are read in everyday life by people as well as taught in philosophy courses throughout the world because of its accuracy and relevance. Aristotle often refers to two different types of life, the political Life and the Contemplative life. The political life or referred to as Political Science is based on the idea that our human nature tends to make us social beings. To be active in city, state, or household, by producing or being involved in how a legal systemShow MoreRelatedWhat Is A Good Life?1139 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscover what it means to truly live well. Society’s fascination with this question is unsurprising: after all, it is both one’s duty and one’s right to live as well as possible. Early Western philosophers, including Plato and Aristotle, have suggested that to live well is to live morally. However, as argued by Dworkin in his essay â€Å"What is a Good Life?† high morality does not necessarily equate a high standar d of living. Indeed, following austere morals and ethics may lead to an unsatisfying life. ForRead MoreWhat Is The Good Life? Essay2042 Words   |  9 PagesWhat is the good life? This is a question that many Christ at the Core classes have attempted to answer this semester. There is no objective answer to this question and this is why it is so difficult to deal with. However, by looking at life in Christ, we as Christians can more easily answer this question. In this paper I will attempt grow closer to an answer for the questions â€Å"What is the Good Life?†, discuss what it means to have life in Christ, and articulate how life in Christ informs answeringRead MoreWhat Makes A Good Life?817 Words   |  4 PagesIn order to answer the question, â€Å"What is required to live a good life?†, Aristotle proposes that a good life for human would be the maximum realization of the function that was unique to humans. In my interpretation, Aristotle refers to a good life to a n individual is communally self-sufficient, and a good life is related to other external forces. A person is considered to have a good life if he isn’t placed in any unfortunate circumstances such as illness or diseases or isolation. I don’t fullyRead MoreWhat Is The Good Life Essay1087 Words   |  5 PagesOctober, 2015 What is the Good Life Essay A popular saying is â€Å"live life in the moment.† People believe that by doing this, they will live life to their fullest potential, and this will lead to the good life. This is a good theory, but it is not actually a good idea to life live this way. This is shown by both Herodotus, The History the story of Solon and Croesus, and by the Mike Webster Sports Injury series by Greg Garber. In both of the texts, the fictional Croesus, and the real life Mike WebsterRead MoreEssay on What is a good life?1083 Words   |  5 Pages What is a good life? In today’s world, humans are often misled on what really is a good life. We are constantly shown through the television and magazines that being rich and famous is the way to go when it comes to a good life, when in truth many of them are miserable by problems that usually wouldn’t affect the common person. 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Everyone have their own opinions of good life which was shaped by their experience of living in the current society. Different region might influence people in different ways due to, its history, religion, philosophy, tradition, and customs. Someone living in Asia will have a different opinion of a good life then someone living in Canada. Good life can also affectRead MoreWhat Makes Good Life?1100 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Good† is a broad term that can be interpreted in a variety of ways by each individual. By definition, it is a lack of self-centeredness. It means the ability to empathize with other people, to feel compassion for them, and to put their needs before your own. It means, if necessary, sacrificing your own well-being for the sake of others’. It means benevolence, altruism and selflessness, and self-sacrifice towards a greater cause. It means being able to see beyond the superficial difference of raceRead MoreWhat Makes A Good Life?1809 Words   |  8 Pagespursuit of a life stable enough to provide a certain degree of control and self-sufficiency while also remaining open to the possibility of circumstances which are not entirely under our control, such as love. To recognize the beauty of the mysteriousness and uniqueness associated with love, a force we cannot control, while also maintaining a certain degree of self-sufficiency may possibly allow us to live a good l ife with a love immune to tragedy. The idea of what constitutes the â€Å"good life† can be categorizedRead MoreWhat Makes A Good Life?1846 Words   |  8 PagesHow to Live a Good Life There are countless ways to define a good life. In fact, the word good includes happiness, success, and pleasure. In Buddhism, the four noble truths state that life is suffering, and the way to enlightenment is a path out of suffering, which can also be understood as the path leads to a good life. From the perspective of Greek philosophers, living a good life is mostly based on reasoning. The importance of reason in sensing life is evident in all phases of life. The reasoning

Essay on Journal Entries on the Kite Runner - 1306 Words

QHSS Vikas Peddu Journal entry #1 In the first ten chapters of The Kite Runner Khaled Hosseini focuses on the theme â€Å"Friendships take years to build, but only moments to destroy†. For example, Amir and Hassan have been friends since they were born, they built their friendship until the day of the kit fighting tournament. When Hassan ran the runner ups kite he ran into Assef, who was seeking revenge for being insulted by Hassan earlier in the year. Assef deemed that rape would be a proper punishment for the insult. Unbeknownst to Assef as well as Hassan Amir was watching everything. If he wanted to, he could have intervened and stopped his revenge but chose to watch instead, ruining his friendship instantly. Ali and†¦show more content†¦When Hassan got raped Amir did not do anything, most likely out of the fear that Assef would do something equally as bad (or worse) to him also. Ever since that day Amir has been seeking redemption from Hassan in many different ways, such as making Hassan pelt him with fruit. That did not work though because Hassan respected Amir so much that he could not throw fruit at him. The main conflict in chapters 11-23 is Amir feeling guilty for not helping Hassan when he should have. The story takes a turn when Amir and Baba leave Afghanistan to go to Fremont, California. While they are there Amir finds a woman named Soraya who he quickly falls in love with. Their engagement and marriage are rushed because of Baba’s lung cancer. Shortly after they get married Baba passes away, and Soraya and Amir learn that they cannot have children. Rahim Khan then calls Amir and asks him to visit since he does not have much longer to live. Rahim Kahn knows about what happened to Hassan, he also knows that Amir knows, and that Amir needs to redeem himself so he sends him on a quest for fulfillment. He also tells Amir that Hassan was actually his brother. Rahim tells Amir that Hassan and his wife were killed a few years ago. Hassan’s son, Sohrab, was taken to an orphanage in Kabul. Rahim Kahn wanted Amir to go to the orphanage, bring Sohrab back, and leave him wit h a nearby american foster family. At first, Amir did not want to go to Kabul, but soonShow MoreRelatedReligion And Faith Are Essential For Survival1828 Words   |  8 Pagesoppression but not all are connected to a religion various lifestyles have different explanations of cause, focus and direction. The importance role of religion and faith in one s life, as depicted in the fictional novel of Khaled Hosseini, The Kite Runner is portrayed through characters and events. Firstly the strength of a relationship is dependent upon the religious practices and understanding the importance of religion in a pair. 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Additionally, they have also won the ICC World Twenty20 once (in 2009), and were runners-up (in 2007). The team has also won the Austral-Asia Cup in 1986, 1990, and 1994. At the international level, Pakistan has competed many times at the Summer Olympics inRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 PagesErziehungsroman (education novel) focuses on training and formal schooling,[citation needed] while a Kà ¼nstlerroman (artist novel) is about the development of an artist and shows a growth of the self.[16] Furthermore, some memoirs and published journals can be regarded as Bildungsroman although being predominantly factual (an example being The Motorcycle Diaries by Ernesto Che Guevara).[17] The term is also more loosely used to describe coming-of-age films and related works in other genres. 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In summary, evidence suggests that a five-step learning model is most effective for helping individuals develop management

Case Analysis Essay for Partnership in Social work - myassignmenthelp

Question: Write about theCase Analysis Essayfor Partnership in Social work. Answer: Introduction The youth support organizations focuses upon provision of some support services especially for the young people, for improving their social living status. In this context, the social workers need to have several important skills and competencies to identify their issues and handle each case of youth service from a unique dimension, prioritizing their needs. The practice skills of a social worker help to include a practice framework, considering related theory, skills and context (Gray, 2011). The practitioner should be able to explore each case study through prioritizing the key issues embedded in this. In this context, the social worker should acquire the skills and awareness regarding the theoretical frameworks and strategies and how these frameworks can be implemented in resolving each clients issues, in individual or community settings. Being a social worker, here the case study 1, i.e. case study of 16 years old boy Max has been selected. As Max is continuously becoming demotiva ted and diverted from the social activities, a strength based approach can be undertaken for improving his social status. Therefore, this essay will concentrate on analyzing Maxs case thoroughly; identifying key issues faced by him and demonstrates appropriate theoretical consideration, based on which appropriate intervention for Max will be implemented. In the current context, the social practitioner plays a significant role in the case study based analysis. It has already been mentioned that the social worker needs to understand the case thoroughly to identify the key issues faced by the client. To proceed with the case, the social practitioner needs to follow some steps in a systematic approach, i.e. engagement of the client, assessment of the client, identifying the key issues faced by the client, planning intervention for the client based on the identified issues and evaluation of the process. In this context, the first step is engagement with the client (Payne, 2014). Initially, the practitioner needs to support the client and build a positive rapport with the client. It helps the client t develop trust for the practitioner as well as the interventions, thereby motivating the client to achieve the goal. After establishment of a positive and trustworthy relationship with the client, a thorough and holistic nature of assessment w ould be done for the client, which includes the role of the practitioner in identifying all the contributing factors in the clients current situation, including social, medical and family history of the client. After identifying the clients current needs, the support worker needs to identify the appropriate theoretical framework and implement the suitable intervention for clients recovery and revert back to the normal life. Upon implementing the interventions and engaging the client in the support framework, evaluation of the process needs to be done by the professional to identify any shortcomings in the process, which can be rectify in the further process to ensure expected outcomes for the client (Trevithick, 2012). In the current case study of Max, the strength based approach would be implemented and the evaluation would focus upon the ability of the social worker to promote clients involvement in the theoretical framework and ensuring the improvement of process of clients life. In the current case study, the primary client is Max, who is a 16 years old boy. Max has left his home 8 months ago. Since leaving his home, Max has significantly suffered for survival, as he had no permanent residency. He started to live with his friends and tried to live with his grandmother. Even, he has spent nights on the streets, stopped attending school. He attended that the youth support service after hearing from one of his friend that he would gain food and would be able to charge his mobile at this centre. However, he did not have an accommodation and was not attending to school at that time (Maidment Egan, 2016). Thus, it has been revealed that Max is not concern about his housing or schooling; rather he is concerned about charging his mobile and has food, so that he could survive anyway. However, the issue is that Max is unable to recognize the need for attending school and building his career to improve his living standard. Reviewing his case, it has been revealed that Maxs mother and stepfather lives in a town close to the support service centre, whereas his biological father has no contact with him and his family since he was a baby. Maxs sister Verity has been seen to have a normal lifestyle, attending university interstate. Max also revealed that one of the key reasons for leaving his home is to stay away from his stepfather; therefore, it is clear that Max does not like his stepfather to stay with them. On the other hand, Max has the habit of marijuana use, which is being hindered by his mother at home; this is another reason for leaving his home. Now the key concern of Max is that his mother Justine has asked him to see her and sort the issues out. Max is confused about what he needs to do; it is because, in one hand, if he returns back to home, he would need to stay with his stepfather, in other hand, if he does not return to home, his survival is at crisis. Therefore, the youth support and case management team have to provide him right solution for the current issues, faced by Max, while considering the maximum benefit of Max from the support service related solutions regarding his lifestyle improvement (Howe, 2009). After analyzing Maxs case, it has been revealed that several issues are contributing the negative life events faced by Max. Now Max needs to decide whether he should g back to his home and live in an environment, which does not like, or he should not return to home and struggle for survival. In Maxs case, other secondary clients are Maxs mother, Justine, his stepfather, Michael as well as grandmother, Thelma. It is because; he needs the support from his family member to improve his situation. In this context, it has been revealed that what is the cause of his disliking towards his step father. He has also dropped his school, which needs to be considered with high priority (Pattoni, 2012). Moreover, he has been argued with his mother regarding the use of Marijuana. As Max is a teenager, with several different crises in his life, it is more important to support him positively, showing his strengths, which can be helpful for him to resolve these issues, instead of pointing out his shortcomings and negative behaviors. Because, this process may demotivate him further as well as may make the issue more critical, which difficult for Max to overcome. In this context, strength based practice is suitable to be used. This social theoretical practice emphasizes on the strengths and self-determination of the client to achieve the goal. According to this theoretical framework, the client is seen as resourceful and resilient in the face of adversity (Goldberg, Muir Kerr, 2013). This approach is suitable for being implemented in those cases, where the individual outcomes like quality of life, employment and health need to be improved. In societal level, the strength based approach influences clients positive views and focuses away from blame or judgment. The refore, this approach would help Max not to be judgmental towards his step father and Maxs mother to blame Max, instead would prioritize their strengths to resolve Maxs issue. This approach promotes the social support worker to consider the assets of clients to maintain and meet their social wellbeing, deal with social issues, family issues as well as health issues. A theory that is suitable to be implemented in Maxs case is attachment theory. Attachment theory demonstrates dynamics of short and long term interpersonal relationships between individuals, i.e. how individual respond in a relationship, when hurt, threatened, isolated or other negative consequences. In this context, Maxs relationship with family background, parenting style, experiences of separation and loss and quality of attachment relationship can help the social worker to identify the key issues regarding Maxs current issue and the way to mitigate those. Several studies have shown that lack of parental responsiveness and inappropriate parental style and emotional support are contributing significantly in the homelessness of young teenagers. According to the attachment theory, Max has revealed an avoidance attachment from his biological father, as he left him and mother when Max was 3 years old; on the other hand, Maxs stepfather may also similarly have avoidance attachment, alth ough it is not clear from the case study and should be investigated through the intervention plan (Howe, 2012). Thus, Max is unable or unwilling to share his feelings and thoughts with others and feel insecure, rejected and self critical. Thus, instead of highlighting his negative attitude, strength based approach should be implemented to understand the root of negative attachment, while supporting him to build capacity to improve his self esteem and security. Through proper counseling and thorough communication with both of his parents may enhance his security level and attachment pattern, thereby improving his negative behavioral consequences. Overall, his self esteem would be strength and Max would be able to prioritize his current needs, i.e. need for return back to home and focus on his studies (Erdman Caffery, 2013). Analyzing the case from the strength based theoretical framework, it has been revealed that the social workers need to influence Max to focus on his strengths and self-determination to deal with his current situation. For instance, the social support worker needs to motivate Max regarding his positive relationship with his mother and other family members, which is important for him to carry on his studies and shape his career, which would lead to his bright future. Therefore, the social support worker should affirm Maxs resilience and enabling capabilities. Max is suffering from reduced self-esteem and the key focus of the support intervention is to increase his self resilience. Involving his family members would help Max to realize the strength of his family and his need for their support. According to this approach, counseling sessions for Max would be developed. These counseling sessions would be focused on enhancing his self-esteem and improving his life standards. In this contex t, Heard, McCluskey and Lake (2012) argued that positive change in the situation occurs in the context of authentic relationship. Client needs to know that someone is there for him and would be there unconditionally. Therefore, Max need to build trust towards the interventions for believing this fact. On the other hand, Maxs mothers need should also be analyzed, as she does not like Max to use marijuana. Therefore, Maxs supportive plan needs to involve a health promotional plan for both Max and his mother, where both of them would gain a mutual understanding regarding the pros and cons of marijuana use (Ginsburg et al., 2017). Motivating Max to gradually decrease his marijuana abuse would also promote his positive thinking and strengthen the relationship with his mother. Based on Maxs physical, emotional and psychological condition, he can be referred to a rehabilitation centre. The next problem is living with his step father. Here also, Maxs strength of communication would be motivated to attend a counseling session with his step father. In the session, both of them would be able to talk directly with each other. The counselor would help them to explore each of their problems with other. Max never wanted to stay with his step father, irrespective of understanding or attempting to mitigate the issue with his stepfather. Maxs step fathers issues related to Max would also be analyzed for identifying whether he is willing to mitigate the issue with Max or not. Communication is the key way to improve interpersonal understanding, improve trust and mitigate issues. Thus, this tool would be used in case of Max to mitigate his issues with his step father. Through the counseling session, Max would undergo capacity building process to achieve his life goals (Chapin, 2014). The third issue identified in Maxs case is that he is not attending school, since he left home, which is ceasing his career growth. Therefore, the strength based approach would promote the social support workers to carry on the holistic assessment of Max for identifying the key factors contributing to his school drop. In this context, it has been found that Max is more concerned about the basic needs for his survival, i.e. food and shelter; however, as he is facing crisis to gain these basic needs, he is unable to think about the negative consequences of his school dropout. Through counseling and involvement of his family member, the issue of leaving his home can be resolved, which would help Max to think positively regarding returning to his school again. Continuous support and motivation would be needed to make him understand the need for his education for building his career growth (Edidin et al., 2012). However, Max may experience several issues, while returning to his school, li ke bullying, isolation and other types of violence, for which he needs capacity building counseling, which would help him to identify and strengthen his self esteem and determination. Support from his family is crucial for the overall well being of Max and continue with his studies. Hyman, Aubry and Klodawsky (2011) claimed that in social support workers, especially in case of people with behavioral issues and working with youth case management, strength based approach is suitable to be used, as it motivates the individual to identify their key issues and right way to proceed while dealing with the issues. Whereas other approaches include highlighting negative behavior of the individual for the sake of modifying those behavior in the social care context; but these approaches may be harmful or lead to negative consequences of the individually, especially for the teenagers like Max, as he has experienced inappropriate parenting style since the separation of his biological parents. Thus, the support workers should handle the case of Max through sensitively, instead of highlighting the negative traits and highlighting the areas of his strength, where he can build on to improve his living standard and ensure a bright future. Therefore, the intervention approaches and theoretical framework undertaken for Max is suitable. In conclusion, it can be said that Max is undergoing a critical situation, which has promoted his homelessness, unsocial behavior and reduced health outcomes. The youth support service has significantly identified his current needs and the root causes of his issues, which are the poor attachment with his family, inappropriate parenting style and lack of positive support. Through the attachment theory and strength based approach, Maxs case have been identified, the strength based approach helped in implementing appropriate intervention for Maxs improvement. One key recommendation for Maxs family is that Max should gain in-depth emotional and physical support from his family, for his overall well being. In this context, positive support, relationship building and communication has been focused to be the key ways of his improvement. Finally, the evaluation of these approaches has also been done. Reference List Chapin, R. (2014).Social policy for effective practice: A strengths approach. Routledge. Edidin, J. P., Ganim, Z., Hunter, S. J., Karnik, N. S. (2012). The mental and physical health of homeless youth: a literature review.Child Psychiatry Human Development,43(3), 354-375. Erdman, P., Caffery, T. (Eds.). (2013).Attachment and family systems: Conceptual, empirical and therapeutic relatedness. Routledge. Ginsburg, K. R., Kinsman, S. B., American Academy of Pediatrics. (2017).Reaching Teens Strength-Based Communication Strategies To Build Resilience and Support Healthy Adolescent Development. Goldberg, S., Muir, R., Kerr, J. (2013).Attachment theory: Social, developmental, and clinical perspectives. Routledge. Gray, M. (2011). Back to basics: A critique of the strengths perspective in social work.Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services,92(1), 5-11. Heard, D., McCluskey, U., Lake, B. (2012).Attachment therapy with adolescents and adults: theory and practice post Bowlby. Karnac Books. Howe, D. (2012). Attachment theory.Social Work Theories and Methods,75. Howe, D.(2009)A Brief Introduction to Social Work TheoryUK:PalgraveMacMillan Hyman, S., Aubry, T., Klodawsky, F. (2011). Resilient educational outcomes: Participation in school by youth with histories of homelessness.Youth Society,43(1), 253-273. Maidment, J., Egan, R. (2016).Practice skills in social work and welfare: More than just common sense. (3rd Ed) Crows Nest, NSW: Allen and Unwin. Pattoni, L (2012) Strengths based approaches for working with individuals: Insight 16. Institute for Research and Innovation in Social Services (IRSS). Retrieved fromhttps://www.iriss.org.uk/resources/insights/strengths-based-approaches-working-individuals Payne,M.(2014)Modern Social Work Theory.(4rdEd.) UK: Palgrave MacMillan Trevithick,P. (2012).Social work skills and knowledge: a practice handbook,4th Ed. McGraw-Hill, Open University Press.

Polygamy in Islam

Introduction Marriage is one of the important aspects of the Islamic culture. The Islamic law allows Muslim men to practice polygamy, but it does not encourage it. The Islamic rules state that a Muslim man can marry a maximum of four women. Conversely, Muslim women do not have the right to marry several men. Muslim men in polygamous marriages should be kind to their women.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Polygamy in Islam specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to the Quran, a man should not marry many women if he cannot take care of them. Globally, majority of Muslim men are monogamous. The practice of Islamic polygamy is not homogeneous in all countries. For instance, many men in Saudi Arabia practice polygamy. However, Islamic polygamy is uncommon in Egypt. In Iran, polygamy is quite popular in the countryside. Shia Muslims practice polygamy more than the Sunni Muslims. Polygamy has been a contentious issue among Muslim men and women because they have different views about it. This essay argues that polygamy should not be encouraged because of the following reasons. Laws of Islamic Polygamy A Muslim man can become polygamous under the following circumstances. First, â€Å"if a man has a high sex libido, he can marry more women to avoid committing sexual offenses†. Second, he should have resources such as land and money. Third, he should be truthful and responsible. Fourth, he should be acquainted with Islamic laws. Last, he should possess good leadership skills because it is quite difficult to solve social disputes in polygamous marriages. Disadvantages of Polygamy The aforementioned requirements are important because they ensure that men provide enough social and economic support to their families. Nonetheless, many Muslim men in polygamous marriages cannot fulfill all these requirements. Failure to fulfill the aforementioned requirements often leads to many challenges. In the contemporary world, polygamy is increasingly becoming unpopular due to economic constraints. For example, food insecurity is endemic in most parts of the world. Hence, it is difficult for many men in polygamous marriages to provide enough food to their large families.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Inadequate food and shortage of basic needs often leads to many quarrels in polygamous marriages. Moreover, many rich men in polygamous marriages become poor because it is expensive to maintain a big family. There are many social challenges in polygamous marriages. Thus, many Muslim women detest polygamy. First, a woman often develops a low self-esteem when her husband marries another woman. For example, a woman whose husband marries another woman without her consent and proper reasons is likely to be depressed. Second, women always lack social support in polygamous marriages. For instance, majority of men often give their new wives much attention and abandon the old ones. This often leads to emotional problems and rivalry in polygamous marriages. Indeed, women in polygamous marriages often develop psychological problems such as depression because their husbands do not spend enough time with them. Furthermore, children in polygamous families often become indiscipline due to lack of proper parental guidance. Cases of physical and emotional abuses are frequent in polygamous marriages than in monogamous ones. Men in polygamous marriages like abusing their wives because they have many women. Many Muslim women criticize polygamy because it encourages patriarchy in the family. Usually, men become authoritative in polygamous marriages. They do not allow their women to participate in important decision-making processes in the family. For example, some men marry many women without consulting their wives. Moreover, many women in polygamous marriages do not have power t o control family resources such as land. Consequently, lack of proper decision-making often leads to bickering, violence, and jealousy in polygamous marriages. In addition, polygamy can lead to the spread of sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV/AIDS. Advantages of Polygamy Despite the numerous shortcomings of polygamy, it has the following advantages. Polygamy can enable a man to have children if his first wife cannot give birth. In such a situation, a woman can allow her husband to marry another woman to enable them have children.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Polygamy in Islam specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Polygamy can prevent men from engaging in sexual offenses. Polygamy can be encouraged if a woman cannot fulfill her family roles due to disability and ill health. For example, a married woman who is suffering from a chronic disease can encourage her husband to marry another woman to support her fam ily. Conclusion This essay has discussed the practice of Islamic polygamy. It has revealed that a Muslim man can marry a maximum of four women, but he should be kind to all of them. Moreover, a Muslim man should be financially stable because a polygamous family requires many resources. Nonetheless, many Muslim men are unable to comply with the rules of Islamic polygamy. This often leads to immense suffering of women and children in polygamous families. Therefore, the shortcomings of polygamy outweigh its advantages. Consequently, polygamy should only be encouraged if there are genuine reasons to practice it. Works Cited Ameenah, Abu and Bilal Philips. Polygamy in Islam. Riyadh: International Islamic Publishing House, 2005. Print. Nurmila, Nina. Women, Islam and Everyday Life: Renegotiating Polygamy in Indonesia. London: Taylor Francis, 2009. Print. Youtube. Four Wives and One Husband – Polygamy in Iran. 9 Feb. 2013. Web. www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMfLzPzY2-s. This essay on Polygamy in Islam was written and submitted by user Joslyn Carver to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Why are immediate rewards more effective in inducing consumer behaviour desired by the marketer Essay Example

Why are immediate rewards more effective in inducing consumer behaviour desired by the marketer Essay Example Why are immediate rewards more effective in inducing consumer behaviour desired by the marketer Paper Why are immediate rewards more effective in inducing consumer behaviour desired by the marketer Paper Essay Topic: Marketing Immediate rewards are categorised as product based promotions, this includes three groups; bonus packs, multi packs and free-gifts. Bonus packs are special factory packs that offer consumers more of a product at the same price (e.g. 10%, 20%, 50% extra product free) or offering a large pack for the price of the small pack. Multi packs are two or more packs banded together and offered at a reduced price; the super deal in multi pack promotions would be the BOGOF (buy one, get one free) and 3 for 2 offers. Cross promotions can be classified as an immediate reward (buy pasta sauce and get pasta free).Free-gifts can be made available in a variety of ways; the on-pack free-gift, the in-pack free-gift, the with pack free-gift, and the pack itself being the free-gift. There are also some contests such as the Walkers crisps à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20 and à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5 notes and free pack coupons giveaway in a form of a potential immediate reward as not all bags of Walkers contain these prizes. Promotions similar to the Boots Advantage Card whereby bonus points are accumulated to save money off the next purchase or a free-gift depending on how many points have been collected; (even though the procedure of collecting points may be lengthy) the procedure of redeeming the points at a moment in time can be considered as an immediate reward. Bonus packs, on-packs, in-packs, with packs and speciality containers all make products more appealing to consumers. They appear to reward them for their purchases, thereby possibly generating positive feelings toward the brand. Crossruffed premiums that consist of samples of other products made by the same manufacture may cause people to try those brands, which may result in future demand for them. Non-immediate promotions such as coupons, self liquidating premiums (SLP) and free mail ins (FMI) have minimal trade interest, coupons may be removed from the pack and misredeemed or malredeemed, they can appeal to a limited audience and have a high drop-out rate if not targeted at strong prospects. High value coupons can equal high risk of coupon abuse and are less attractive at low face values, it can easily be countered by the competition with the same or stronger reward level and redemption levels are uncertain. There is a low participation rate, they can cause difficulties of premium stock control and have minimal sales effect. Unlike non-immediate promotions, immediate rewards are attractive as they present an immediate gain to the consumer at the point of purchase; it has a direct impact. The promotions make the consumer feel good about themselves; the warm tingly feeling of getting a bargain and generates a positive feeling towards the brand. The packaging is usually eye catching, visual and exciting and the perceived value is higher than the cost to provide to the consumer; these offers have considerable on-shelf impact and high visibility and are a strong trial motivator as risk to consumer is removed. They allow consumers to make up their minds on complex or expensive propositions and can draw in applicants who would have declined otherwise, a strong gift can tempt even new users. Product based offers can generate high levels of motivation and participation and stimulate purchase; these promotions are instant. In regards to the brand immediate rewards may gain display space, especially if off-pack, as extra point-of-sale material will be needed to announce the offer, they can produce high incremental sales and a good offer can make a statement about the brands qualities. It can be economical for manufactures than money-off, it adds value to the brand and some promotions require no changes to the basic packaging (multi-pack), carrier products offer added value and the carried product offer brand awareness and trial. The promotion can drive loyalty and lock in portfolio buyers and strong offers may encourage immediate multiple purchases and so drive volume. Brands want to create a positive aura about themselves, sales promotion can help enhance the qualities of the brand; as well as a product based promotion being executed, if it is tied in will a cause related promotion (e.g. every unit bought 15p will go to charity) this can help increase a positive image of the brand. According to Lenard C. et al., (1998) consumers like promotions, they provide utilitarian benefits such as monetary savings, added value, increased quality, and convenience, as well as hedonic/pleasure benefits such as entertainment, exploration, and self-expression. Diamond and Sanyal., (1990) suggests that consumers perceive deals that are framed as presenting gains (buy one get one free') as more attractive versus those that are framed as reducing losses (get 50 percent off). Inman et al., (1997) found that deals with restrictions such as Limit 2 per customer or Offer good until certain date elicit higher evaluations from consumers than the same deals without such restrictions. According to Seibert., (1997) even within diverse forms of equivalent extra product (known as bonus-pack or volume) promotions, 91 percent of surveyed consumers appeared to favour the deal when it (the identical deal) was stated as percent more free rather than percent free and units free. These results are important as they can emphasize the impact that framing of the promotional offer has on consumers deal evaluation. Many of these types of immediate reward promotions can trigger the consumer to stockpile the product, and that alone can keep them away from the market place and competitors cannot have the chance to woo these consumers into buying a rival brand. The more the consumer has the more they will utilize or devour the merchandise; their consumption level increases, consequently, they will become familiar with the brand, which can ultimately result in brand loyalty. Research conducted by Ehrenberg et al., (1994) suggests that price promotions do not generally encourage people to trial a new brand, this works in portfolio markets (frequently bought goods such as groceries, petrol, cosmetics and toiletries, etc). Immediate rewards can be seen to work in the same way as price promotions in that they can encourage consumers to switch between brands that are already in their portfolio (i.e. they have bought them in the past), accelerate purchases, stockpile the promoted product and expand overall sales. To distinguish why immediate rewards are effective through consumer perception tools such as perceptual mapping and consumer surveys are useful. To observe whether immediate rewards are effective in regards to the company, sales data, AGB market research, Nielsen marketing research and tracking devices all provide a view of whether a promotion was successful/will be successful in the future. There can be many factors effecting consumer perception; Grewal et al., (1996) found that consumer perceptions of transaction value will be greater under positive mood than under negative mood. Further more, shoppers in a positive mood are likely to attend more to the favourable side of discount offerings (e.g. obtaining products at lower costs) or they may retrieve positive toned material from their memory at the time of judgement. Consequently, even a small extra discount may add to their pleasure. (Grewal et al., (1996) model of the effects of comparative price advertising on perceptions of value and proposed mood effects on perceived transaction value are on page 10-11). Free-gifts can often be linked to pester power; Kelloggs, McDonalds, Burger King are big users of free-gift items. Pester Power is the name given to marketing techniques which encourage children to nag their parents to purchase a particular product. For instance, advertisers use famous pop stars such as S Club 7 and footballers such as David Beckham to entice children into wanting their products. Link-ups with childrens films and cartoon characters are another enormous money-spinner. In July 2002 McDonalds Happy Meal, came with a free Smurf character one of nine characters which children are encouraged to collect. Children love collecting toys and McDonalds in particular have made this a key element in encouraging children to eat their food. Therefore, in large part, understanding the childrens market necessitates knowledge of the complex inter-relationship between parents, primarily mothers, as purchasers and children as end users. Even though the children may not pay for the items, the growth in the appreciation of pester power is indicative of the fact that children, like their adult counterparts, are becoming accomplished consumers at an even younger age. In recent years, pester power has been one of the buzzwords of the children marketing industry. Harnessing its power has become a holy grail for those who believe it to be the key to parents purse strings. The shortcomings with immediate rewards are as follows: bonus packs require changes to packaging and this is not available to all brands, it may be very costly to short-run and can present shelving problems to trade, bonus packs can have drawbacks in terms of production capability, warehousing, shipping, inventory, and shelving. Some oversize containers need significant modifications in the filling process. In some cases, the bonus pack bottle may be an inch higher or the buy-one-get-one-free pack twice as big, and so will not fit on the shelf. Multi packs can also cause shelving difficulties, they may be costly to run as banding is labour intensive (especially for smaller manufacturers) and requires considerable lead-time (manufactures do not produce the normal amount of their product when banding them together, the amount decreases). Free-gifts can be potentially expensive, merchandise is subject to pilferage, if the item is missing the consumer is less likely to buy the product, i t can be difficult to identify suitable products and may affect brand image if the gift is not of an adequate quality. When stockpiling occurs companies need to ensure that there is enough of the product available to suit demand as this can result in the consumer buying a rival brand and in bad publicity for the company that can consequently effect the brand image. Additional promotion to the trade may need to be implemented in return for efficient stocking of shelves/a point of sale/extra shelving space/allowing wobblers or footprints leading to the promoted product to be used in-store; meaning more money spent by the company, the more a company wants to be noticed the more money is needed to do so. Promotions are not as profitable as when the volume of merchandise is sold normally, after a promotion is conducted it may be difficult for companies to sell their product at the regular price and quantity. If a retailer is providing an immediate reward and the manufacture disagrees with it because it may potentially damage and undermine the brand image problems may occur, such as court hearings, as happened in the past with Levi and Calvin Klein objecting to their product being sold at an inferior price at supermarket chains such as Tesco. Bonus packs are generally unappealing to consumers who do not usually buy the product (if I dont usually use margarine, why would I want an extra 6oz of the product?). Also, in many cases, consumers may not believe that they are getting extra product for their money, suspecting that the price had been raised or that the new quantity offered is actually the regular amount. Can the quotes above really reflect the truth about what consumers think, if we stop to observe a supermarket floor when the store is executing big deals such as buy-one-get-one-free (which in theory is 100% free) and the product is in the consumers portfolio, do we see the majority of consumers not buying into that product? The answer would be a strong no! Stores such as Safeway often put a limit to the amount a customer can buy because the products offered are swiftly purchased, this can be proof enough that consumers tend to be pleased of promotions and stock-up. According to Ehrenberg, (2002 e-mail) 1. If immediate rewards have big effects, they are usually up and then down again (like with promotions). Put another way, immediate reward schemes are usually too costly to sustain over time. 2. Most market changes are slow. At any one time, any effect therefore looks small. Accumulated over time the effect can be bigger. However, it is then likely to be confused by other marketing-mix inputs. Smith et al., (2000) discovered that the results for price points suggested that subjects generally preferred price promotions for higher priced categories; however, they preferred volume promotions for lower priced categories, again demonstrating the importance of transaction value. Sales promotions affect brand sales in numerous ways for instance brand switching, stock piling, purchase acceleration and category expansion. However, not each and every one of these effects need to be present for all types of sales promotions. In the case of a short-term shelf-price reduction valid only for a week, customers will have more incentive to stockpile the product as opposed to a coupon promotion with a longer validity period. Sales promotion activities are by no means going to be uniformly profitable to all players in the market place but almost all companies need to utilize sales promotions as either offensive and/or defensive tools in the never ending battle for markets, Smith et al., (2000). Companies need to weigh out their objectives and link them to the effective type of promotion right for them, what is the promotion that will achieve the factor they want? Sales promotions are unique in their ability to respond in quick, focused, and flexible ways to motivate consumer or trade or counter attack the sales promotion activities of competitors. There are many types of sales promotions, from coupons to contests and sweepstakes, refunds and sampling to continuity programs and trade deals. Blattberg and Neslin,. (1990) summarises the popular sales promotional tools on page 10. Sales promotion is all about getting the brand noticed, to build brand awareness, to induce trial of a new brand or modified brand, to retain previous customers and create brand loyalty. The greater the sample group the brand entices the bigger the number of consumers likely to stay with the brand, the longer the promotion the greater the figure of samplers, however the longer the promotion the more expensive it becomes. An integrated effort of all marketing communication tools can achieve better results for a long-term benefit for the brand, than just singular tools used.